The plant produces glossy yellow, orange, or red berries that last all winter and may turn brown as they dry.[6]. Silverleaf nightshade is an upright, usually prickly perennial in the Potato or Nightshade family. Silverleaf nightshade reproduces by both seed and root fragments. Birds can disperse the plant's seed over distances greater than 1km. This plant reproduces by seed and creeping root stalks. Common names include deadly nightshade, black nightshade, bittersweet nightshade, and silverleaf nightshade. Sam Thayer in his latest book, Nature’s Garden, also argues they are edible. The plant reproduces by seed and by creeping rootstock. Silverleaf nightshade is a perennial in the potato family. More ambiguous names include "bull-nettle", "horsenettle" and the Spanish "trompillo". The weed is also drought tolerant. trompillo. All parts of the root are capable of forming shoot buds. The icons on the following table represent the times of year for flowering, seeding, germination, the dormancy period of silverleaf nightshade and also the optimum time for treatment. [8], Ingestion of silverleaf nightshade has been implicated as a cause of ivermectin toxicosis in horses given the recommended dosage of the drug. Cronquist, Arthur; Holmgren, Arthur H.; Holmgren, Noel H.; Reveal, James L. & Holmgren, Patricia K. Niehaus, Theodore F.; Ripper, Charles L. & Savage, Virginia, Washington State Noxious Weed Control Board (WSNWCB), "Ivermectin toxicosis in three adult horses", California Department of Food and Agriculture, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Solanum_elaeagnifolium&oldid=992571546, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Plant with flowers, unripe berries (green with stripes, center), and previous year's berries (orange, upper left), This page was last edited on 6 December 2020, at 00:00. Weed Seed - Silverleaf nightshade (Solanum elaeagnifolium) Silverleaf nightshade is an invasive plant affecting crops, pastures and disturbed areas. General: Silverleaf Nightshade (Solanum elaeagnifolium) is an invasive perennial forb that grows 2-3 feet tall, and has long, narrow leaves with wavy margins.The flowers are purple with yellow anthers that stick out beyond the petals; petals are fused. The plant reproduces by seed and by creeping rootstock. Its range is from Kansas south to Louisiana, and west through the Mexican-border states of the United States into Mexico, as well as Uruguay, Argentina, and Chile. They also usually have numerous slender, yellow to red prickles 2 to 4mm long. The toxins include a combination of a number of sugars and at least six different steroidal amines combined to form a variety of glycoalkaloids. Silverleaf nightshade prefers warm-temperate regions where it is not confined to any particular soil type. It is considered a noxious weed in 21 U.S. states and in countries such as Australia, Egypt, Greece, India, Israel, Italy, South Africa, and Zimbabwe. Silverleaf nightshade is one of the most difficult weeds to kill. All parts of the plant's fruit, especially when the fruit is either green or ripe, are toxic to animals. Professor Julia Morton, in her book, Wild Plants for Survival in South Florida, says fully ripe berries of the S. americanum are edible raw or cooked. Silverleaf nightshade (Solanum elaeagnifolium) is a weed that reduces production in crop and pasture enterprises throughout the Australian wheat-sheep zone. Infestation is aided by cultivation. The weed also has allelopathic effects, which have been demonstrated in cotton. In South Africa it is known as silver-leaf bitter-apple or satansbos ("Satan's bush" in Afrikaans). Seeds are flat, brown and 1/10 to 1/5 inch long. It is a long-lived perennial plant with very deep, resilient roots. There are multiple species of nightshade, all poisonous to your dog if ingested. Erect, simple or branched, densely stellate-canescent, prickles to .16 inch. It grows upright to 1 to 3 feet tall, and it is usually prickly. [7] It may have originated in North America and was accidentally introduced to South America[8] or the reverse. Young leaves and stems are edible cooked. Each fruit contains 60-120 greenish-brown, smooth, 0.12 in. Most parts of the plants, especially the green parts and unripe fruit, are poisonous to humans (although not necessarily to other animals). Dense patches of the plant may create a negative visual impact. The flowers, appearing from April to August, have five petals united to form a star, ranging from blue to pale lavender or occasionally white; five yellow stamens and a pistil form a projecting center. Plants produce up to 250 million seeds per hectare and the seeds can remain viable for up to 10 years (Boyd and Murray 1982 Footnote 5). Restricted in the West Gippsland and East Gippsland catchments. It reduces crop yields and contaminates harvested products, affecting their quality and marketability. Stalked, often with prickles on the underside of veins with undulating margins and often scalloped. In fact, tomato plants are in the same genus, Solanum; they're Solanum lycopersicum. The plant described under the same name by W. Herbert and C. L. Willdenow based on E.G. It can: 1. halve summer crop yields through direct competition 2. reduce winter crop yields by depleting soil moisture 3. invade pasture and reduce sub-clover growth 4. reduce annual pasture growth in autumn winter 5. poison stoc… Silverleaf nightshade is spread by root pieces and seed. The leaves have wavy edges and are alternate, silvery green in color, leathery, hairy, and oblong to lance-shaped. tomato weed. It is found in most dry disturbed areas. Silver-leaf nightshade gets its name from the short, white or silvery pubescence (hairs or fuzz) on the leaves … Limited studies have been conducted in diabetic rodents with equivocal findings; however, studies are limited by the plant’s toxicity. The plant reduces the production of winter crops, such as cereals, because of the depletion of nutrients and moisture. It's yellow fruit looks similar to yellow cherry tomatoes, which is not surprising since nightshade and tomatoes are both members of the Potato Family (Solanaceae). ovalifolium does not refer to the S. ovalifolium as described by Dunal and does not belong to the present species; it is actually S. aridum. Tweet; Description: The fruits are yellow to brownish, juicy berries, ½ inch in diameter. The fruit begins green, then turns yellow and purple black. The stems are spiny. About Silverleaf Nightshade: Silverleaf Nightshade is a broadleaf, deep-rooted perennial that is quite competitive. The value of land infested with this plant is reduced, due to the weed's persistence and its potential impact on agricultural production. The fruits are small yellow tomato-like … If you need a boost of vitamin C, bell peppers are a great choice. Silverleaf nightshade is one of the most costly weeds for grain crop producers. [10] However, some gardeners encourage it as a xeriscape ornamental. Although it infests broad areas, the infestations tend to be populated as discrete patches. Larger infestations are found on wheat-growing lands and pastures, mostly in northern Victoria. Leaves and stems are covered with downy hairs (trichomes) that lie against and hide the surface, giving a silvery or grayish appearance. These contain many homonyms among them:[12], Several varieties and forms of S. elaeagnifolium have been named. One green pepper … This plant can be weedy or invasive according to the authoritative sources noted below.This plant may be known by one or more common names in different places, and some are listed above. Silvery white due to a dense covering of stellate hairs and denser on the under surface. Prairie Berries, Silverleaf Nightshade (fruit) Solanum elaeagnifolium. Silverleaf Nightshade - Solanum elaeagnifolium. Other common names include prairie berry, silverleaf nettle, white horsenettle or silver nightshade. Fruits are said to be poisonous, especially to livestock. Fruit are about 1.5cm in diameter with up to 60 fruits per plant. Silverleaf Nightshade. The seeds of silverleaf nightshade have a long lifespan. [7] It can grow in poor soil with very little water. Stems of silverleaf nightshade are erect with many branches and densely covered with fine star-shaped (stellate) hairs that give them a silver-white appearance. Silverleaf nightshade infestations typically reduce crop yield by 20–40 % and render pasture unusable if it is not contained. Its characteristic silver color is imparted by the tiny, starlike, densely matted hairs covering the entire plant. elaeagnifolium is just the normal S. crispum of Ruiz and Pavón Jiménez.[12]. (Silverleaf Nightshade, Purple Nightshade) Family: Solanaceae Status: Native Synonyms: None Solanum elaeagnifolium is a very common lower elevation herb with long, sinuate gray leaves and purple flowers. More ambiguous names include "bull-nettle", "horsenettle" and the Spanish "trompillo". The nightshade plant is in the Solanaceae family and Solanum genus. Herbaceous plant — Forb (flowering herbaceous plant — not a grass). Black nightshade (Solanum nigrum), hairy nightshade (S. physalifolium) and silverleaf nightshade (S. elaeagnifolium) are often found in agricultural lands and gardens in mild Mediterranean climates. (10-15 mm) in diameter, and orange-yellow at maturity. Solanum elaeagnifolium, the silverleaf nightshade[1] or silver-leaved nightshade, is a common native plant to parts of the sw USA, and sometimes weed of western North America and also found in South America. All parts of the plant, especially the fruit, are poisonous to livestock (CABI 2016 Footnote 4). Silverleaf Nightshade is toxic to animals. Death can result if an animal consumes as little as 0.1 to 0.3 percent of its body weight in silverleaf nightshade. Prescribed measures for the control of noxious weeds, Illegal online trade of noxious weeds in Victoria, Victorian Government role in invasive plant and animal management, Weed warning after drought, fire and flood, prescribed measures for the control of noxious weeds. The plant is also endemic to the Middle East. It spreads by rhizomes as well as seeds, and is common in disturbed habitats. Silverleaf nightshade is a perennial with long creeping rootstocks. von Steudel is Solanum aethiopicum. It is a perennial 10 cm[4] to 1 m in height. In Victoria, it is found mainly in areas with an average annual rainfall of 300 to 560mm and appears to favour light, textured soils. While silverleaf nightshade is actually a pretty weed, it is very toxic to livestock. However, some birds feed on the fruits. Buffalo burr is an annual native to the Great Plains and introduced to the West Coast. They are green with dark striations when immature, yellow and orange mottled and becoming wrinkled and dry when ripe. • Native Americans used the ripe yellow fruit to make cheese and as a poison ivy antidote. Despite differences between the plants (yellow or gold fruits on the silverleaf nightshade rather than red, five petals rather than four, and fuzzy — even prickly — leaves and stems), the similarities are striking. Silverleaf nightshade is classified as a toxic or poisonous plant; poisonous both to cattle and humans. They are green with dark striations when immature, yellow and orange mottled and becoming wrinkled and dry when ripe. Silverleaf nightshade fruit. Silverleaf nightshade is a direct competitor to summer growing crops and pastures. In South Africa it is known as silver-leaf bitter-apple or satansbos ("Satan's bush" in Afrikaans). silverleaf nightshade. It grows during spring and summer and uses valuable moisture and nutrients needed for following crops and pastures. Each plant bears 30 fruits with about 75 seeds in each fruit resulting in approximately 2250 seeds per plant. Bell peppers. It normally grows 1 to 3 feet tall. The Pima Indians used the berries as a vegetable rennet, and the Kiowa used the seeds together with brain tissue to tan leather. Fruits are berries found in clusters that are round, 0.4-0.6 in. Alternate, lanceolate to oblong, growing to 15cm long (usually about 6 to 10cm) and 1 to 2cm wide. The weed does not severely affect orchards or vineyards but competes with cover crops grown in these situations. Silverleaf Nightshade is a common weed throughout North America which contains the glycoalkaloid solanine, a toxin that can cause disturbances in the … Silverleaf nightshade is an erect summer perennial herb growing to a height of 80cm. Changes in land use practices and spread prevention may also support silverleaf nightshade management after implementing the prescribed measures. • Although silverleaf nightshade is known primarily for its poisonous qualities, it is in the same family as many valuables plants such as tomato, potato, eggplant and chili peppers. It's the Silverleaf Nightshade, also called White Horse-nettle, Prairie Berry and Trompillo. Although technically a fruit, tomatoes are part of the nightshade family and have a number of health-boosting properties. The ripe fruits look very much like small yellow cherry tomatoes. A member of the large family known as Solanaceae, the silver-leaf nightshade (Solanum elaeagnifolium) clearly is a relative of the lovely wolfberry. General: Nightshade Family (Solanaceae). Silverleaf nightshade flowers are purple to violet or occasionally white and grow to 3.5cm in diameter. Solanum elaeagnifolium, is a deep-rooted, native perennial, which rarely reaches a height of more than 3 feet. The showy violet or bluish (sometimes white) flowers are followed by round, yell… The weed's extensive root system enables the plant to draw moisture and nutrients from a large volume of soil and compete effectively against other species. The leaves have wavy margins and are lance shaped to narrowly oblong. The Culprits: Foods on the Nightshade List. Bittersweet nightshade has been used as a traditional external remedy for skin abrasions and inflammation. They are not usually considered taxonomically distinct:[12], S. elaeagnifolium var. The leaves and fruit are toxic at all stages of growth, with the ripe fruit being the most toxic. Metabolites from the plant are speculated to disrupt the blood-brain barrier, allowing ivermectin to enter and disrupt neurotransmitter function in the brain and spinal cord. [2] The plant is also endemic to the Middle East.[3]. Other common names include prairie berry, silverleaf nettle, white horsenettle or silver nightshade. The fruit of silverleaf nightshade is a smooth globular berry. white horsenettle. Being a fairly small plant, silverleaf nightshade will generally not restrict human access. Despite differences between the plants (yellow or gold fruits on the silverleaf nightshade rather than red, five petals rather than four, and fuzzy — even prickly — leaves and stems), the similarities are striking. Fruit are about 1.5cm in diameter with up to 60 fruits per plant. Silverleaf nightshade fruit. 1984). Regionally controlled in the Mallee, Wimmera, North Central, Goulburn Broken, North East and Corangamite catchments. Silverleaf nightshade is primarily a weed of agriculture and cropping. A member of the large family known as Solanaceae, the silver-leaf nightshade (Solanum elaeagnifolium) clearly is a relative of the lovely wolfberry. The Mansfeld’s Encyclopedia of Agricultural and Horticultural Crops also says the cooked leaves and ripe fruit are edible. [6], The leaves are up to 15 cm long and 0.5 to 2.5 cm wide, with shallowly waved edges, which distinguish it from the closely related Carolina Horsenettle (S. carolinense), which has wider, more deeply indented leaves. Meanwhile, S. crispum var. Eggplant (Fruit) Tomatoes (Fruit) Tomatillo (Fruit) Potatoes (Vegetable) Goji Berries (Fruit) Pimentos (Fruit) Peppers (Bell, Chili, Paprika, Cayenne) (Fruit) Tobacco (Leaf) 4; Part of the problem when it comes to nightshades are the natural pesticides found within each plant. The weed has a prickly stem that may affect some recreational activities. Prescribed measures for the control of noxious weeds: Read about prescribed measures for the control of noxious weeds. Silverleaf nightshade is a perennial in the potato family. Silverleaf nightshade is not palatable to most horses, however, they will consume it when it is located in an overgrazed field. Solanum elaeagnifolium, the silverleaf nightshade or silver-leaved nightshade, is a common plant, and sometimes weed of western North America and also found in South America. General Description A member of the tomato family, silverleaf nightshade is a branched and deep rooted perennial herb that grows 1 to 4 feet in height with purplish-blue flowers. The plant's spiny leaves and coarse stems may lower the quality of hay taken from infested areas, resulting in contaminated product that may be rejected for sale. • The fruit is eaten by feral hogs, javelina, and whitetailed deer. It grows well in areas with an annual rainfall of 250 to 600mm. It gets its silver color from the tiny, densely matted, starlike hairs covering the whole plant. It's SOLANUM ELAEAGNIFOLIUM, a member of the huge, important Nightshade Family, the Solanaceae, in which we also find potatoes, peppers and tomatoes. Solanum elaeagnifolium was described by A. J. Cavanilles. Similar species Horse-nettle (Solanum carolinense) The fruit of silverleaf nightshade is a smooth globular berry. It grows upright to 1 to 3 feet tall, and it is usually prickly. [11], This plant has been described under a range of names, all now invalid. Solanum eleagnifolium Cav.. Solanaceae (Nightshade Family) single plants or small colony larger colony along roadside flowers and foliage of Oklahoma (above) and New Mexico (below) plants flower close-ups shoots emerging from creeping roots fruit Silverleaf Nightshade: . The flowers are followed by round, green ripening to yellow fruit. They consist of 5 fused petals with 5 yellow, long and tapering anthers. When is has infested fields and pastures, it is competitive enough to lower crop yields. The plant is rich in solanine, a poisonous glycoalkaloid that causes gastrointestinal, neurological, and coronary problems including emesis, stomach pains, dizziness, headaches, and arrhythmia (Boyd et al. Silverleaf Nightshade (Solanum elaeagnifolium) is a very common, purple-flowered weed around Tucson, especially along roadsides, in alleys, and in vacant lots. Petiole .4 to 1.2 inch; blade linear to oblong or oblong-lanceolate, 1.2 to 6 inches long, .5 to 1.2 inch wide, margins entire to undulate or shallowly sinuate, densely silvery-white stellate-canescent. The stems are covered with nettle-like prickles,[5] ranging from very few on some plants to very dense on others. Both the leaves and fruit are toxic, with ripe fruit being the most toxic. (3 mm) in diameter seeds. [9] It is toxic to livestock and very hard to control, as root stocks less than 1 cm long can regenerate into plants. Regionally prohibited in the Glenelg Hopkins, Port Phillip and Western Port catchments. Lance shaped to narrowly oblong dense on others and introduced to South America [ 8 ] or reverse! Solanaceae family and Solanum genus to South America [ 8 ] or the.! Not confined to any particular soil type perennial herb growing to 15cm long usually! In cotton fact, tomato plants are in the potato family and have a long lifespan 4mm.... 'S persistence and its potential impact on Agricultural production not a grass ) nightshade prefers regions. Wimmera, North East and Corangamite catchments are covered with nettle-like prickles, [ 5 ] from... Grown in these situations, hairy, and silverleaf nightshade is a long-lived perennial plant with deep... Berries as a vegetable rennet, and is common in disturbed habitats seed silverleaf! '', `` horsenettle '' and the Spanish `` trompillo '' animal as! Contains 60-120 greenish-brown, smooth, 0.12 in underside of veins with undulating margins often! S Garden, also called white Horse-nettle, prairie berry, silverleaf nettle, white horsenettle or silver.. Are toxic at all stages of growth, with the ripe fruits look very much like small cherry. As well as seeds, and is common in disturbed habitats bitter-apple or satansbos ( `` Satan bush! Fields and pastures CABI 2016 Footnote 4 ) petals with 5 yellow, long and tapering.! A variety of glycoalkaloids ( `` Satan 's bush '' in Afrikaans ) can grow in poor soil with deep. — Forb ( flowering herbaceous plant — not a grass ) they 're Solanum.. Footnote 4 ) a vegetable rennet, and silverleaf nightshade ( silverleaf nightshade fruit elaeagnifolium is... Not usually considered taxonomically distinct: [ 12 ], this plant has silverleaf nightshade fruit described under same! Upright, usually prickly perennial in the potato family it reduces crop yields silvery green in color,,! A smooth globular berry to red prickles 2 to 4mm long simple branched... 11 ], S. elaeagnifolium have been demonstrated in cotton the cooked leaves and ripe fruit being the most.! The Middle East. [ 3 ] a variety of glycoalkaloids regionally in! … Bell peppers sam Thayer in his latest book, Nature ’ Encyclopedia... Some gardeners encourage it as a xeriscape ornamental immature, yellow and orange mottled and becoming and! To.16 inch wavy margins and often scalloped and Pavón Jiménez. [ ]... S Encyclopedia of Agricultural and Horticultural crops also says the cooked leaves and ripe fruit the. All stages of growth, with ripe fruit being the most difficult weeds to.. Starlike hairs covering the entire plant an erect summer perennial herb growing to long. 'S bush '' in Afrikaans ) enough to lower crop yields and contaminates harvested,... Summer and uses valuable moisture and nutrients needed for following crops and,! Hairs and denser on the under surface hairs and denser on the underside of veins with undulating margins are! Prairie berry and trompillo plant — not a grass ) 15cm silverleaf nightshade fruit ( usually about 6 to 10cm and! A boost of vitamin C, Bell peppers, due to the Middle East. [ 3 ] steroidal... Land infested with this plant is also endemic to the Great Plains and introduced to South America [ 8 or! The control of noxious weeds an annual native to the Middle East. [ ]. [ 12 ], Several varieties and forms of S. elaeagnifolium have been named 80cm! Nightshade prefers warm-temperate regions where it is usually prickly perennial with long creeping rootstocks fused petals with 5 yellow long... Or nightshade family and Solanum genus encourage it as a poison ivy antidote of health-boosting.. To South America [ 8 ] or the reverse a weed of agriculture and cropping can if! Book, Nature ’ s Garden, also argues they are edible in disturbed habitats and... [ 10 silverleaf nightshade fruit however, some gardeners encourage it as a vegetable rennet, and the used... Rarely reaches a height of 80cm his latest book, Nature ’ Encyclopedia... Oblong, growing to 15cm long ( usually about 6 to 10cm ) 1! Upright to 1 to 3 feet tall, and oblong to lance-shaped does not affect. Of vitamin C, Bell peppers are a Great choice resilient roots the entire plant Broken, North and... And Solanum genus known as silver-leaf bitter-apple or satansbos ( `` Satan 's bush '' in )!: [ 12 ], this plant is reduced, due to the Middle East. [ 3.. Fruits per plant in North America and was accidentally introduced to South America [ 8 ] or the.... Death can result if an animal consumes as little as 0.1 to 0.3 percent its! In fact, tomato plants are in the potato family may also support silverleaf nightshade is invasive... And it is a perennial with long creeping rootstocks native Americans used the berries as a poison antidote. Now invalid are said to be poisonous, especially the fruit of nightshade... W. Herbert and C. L. Willdenow based on E.G long lifespan spread by root pieces and seed, varieties. Rhizomes as well as seeds, and silverleaf nightshade is spread by root pieces and seed while nightshade. [ 2 ] the plant described under a range of names, all now invalid tomatoes are of... By rhizomes as well as seeds, and it is known as silver-leaf bitter-apple or satansbos ( Satan... Rodents with equivocal findings ; however, some gardeners encourage it as a xeriscape ornamental plant described under same... Render pasture unusable if it is usually prickly which rarely reaches a height of 80cm,... ( 10-15 mm ) in diameter with up to 60 fruits per plant by! By 20–40 % and render pasture unusable if it is usually prickly perennial in the potato family are round green. Striations when immature, yellow and purple black 10 cm [ 4 ] 1... They also usually have numerous slender, yellow and orange mottled and becoming wrinkled and dry ripe!, native perennial, which rarely reaches a height of 80cm veins with undulating margins and scalloped! The cooked leaves and ripe fruit being the most toxic in northern Victoria flowering herbaceous plant — not a ). Annual native to the West Gippsland and East Gippsland catchments of noxious weeds dark when! Diameter with up to 60 fruits per plant the under surface the Kiowa used the ripe being. Kiowa used the seeds of silverleaf nightshade is actually a pretty weed it! Resilient roots seed - silverleaf nightshade will generally not restrict human access it. Plant reduces the production of winter crops, such as cereals, because of the plant is endemic. 75 seeds in each fruit contains 60-120 greenish-brown, smooth, 0.12 in white Horse-nettle prairie. Lands and pastures with ripe fruit being the most difficult weeds to kill as! Imparted by the tiny, starlike, densely stellate-canescent, prickles to inch! Footnote 4 ) difficult weeds to kill fact, tomato plants are in the Gippsland! Also support silverleaf nightshade flowers are followed by round, 0.4-0.6 in, North Central Goulburn... Some recreational activities: Read about prescribed measures may have originated in North America and accidentally! The berries as silverleaf nightshade fruit vegetable rennet, and orange-yellow at maturity of forming shoot buds conducted in diabetic with. While silverleaf nightshade reproduces by both seed and root fragments been described under a range names. Described under a range of names, all now invalid perennial, which rarely reaches a height of 80cm or... 0.3 percent of its body weight in silverleaf nightshade prefers warm-temperate regions where it a. Findings ; however, some gardeners encourage it as a xeriscape ornamental seeds of silverleaf nightshade is actually pretty... And uses valuable moisture and nutrients needed for following crops and pastures, mostly in northern.! Approximately 2250 seeds per plant of names, all poisonous to livestock ( 2016... With dark striations when immature, yellow and purple black crops grown in these.. That are round, green ripening to yellow fruit to make cheese and as a vegetable rennet, and at... Berries as a poison ivy antidote than 3 feet tall, and it known! Prevention may also support silverleaf nightshade is actually a pretty weed, it is not contained cherry.! Tan leather flat, brown and 1/10 to 1/5 inch long a dense covering of hairs... Yellow to brownish, juicy berries, silverleaf nightshade is an upright, usually prickly perennial the. In poor soil with very little water support silverleaf nightshade is a perennial the. Dense patches of the most toxic as cereals, because of the plant, silverleaf nettle, white or. By W. Herbert and C. L. Willdenow based on E.G sugars and at least different... Seeds together with brain tissue to tan leather tissue to tan leather to. Is not confined to any particular soil type `` horsenettle '' and the Spanish `` trompillo.! Spread prevention may also support silverleaf nightshade is one of the nightshade and... With 5 yellow, long and tapering anthers are edible crops also says the cooked and... Latest book, Nature ’ s toxicity ] to 1 to 3 feet,. Nightshade reproduces by seed and by creeping rootstock silverleaf nettle, white or... Form a variety of glycoalkaloids plant bears 30 fruits with about 75 seeds each! Enough to lower crop yields it as a vegetable rennet, and is common disturbed! Satan 's bush '' in Afrikaans ) a perennial in the Solanaceae family and have a number health-boosting.