Existing seismic data would appear to be inadequate to confirm or deny this conjecture, but the possibility of different rupture characteristics on the different subfaults is intriguing. Nankaido, Japan - 28 October 1707. A total of nearly 30,000 buildings were damaged in the affected regions and about 30,000 people were killed. The contrast of larger tsunami relative to weaker ground shaking raises the potential for a significant tsunami disaster similar to that of the tsunami earthquakes [e.g., Kanamori, 1972; Satake and Tanioka, 1999]. The 1944 Tonankai earthquake also triggered a tsunami that affected the neighboring coasts. The waves of the tsunami extended several kilometers inland and as many as a dozen occurred over a one hour period. Dans le cas du séisme de 1707, les séismes semblent s'être produits de manière simultanée, ou du-moins dans une durée de temps trop courte pour pouvoir être distingués par les sources historiques, Annal of Disas.Prev.Res.Inst., Kyoto Univ. Origin Time of the 1854 Ansei–Tokai Tsunami Estimated from Tide Gauge Records on the West Coast of North America. Geophysics, Mathematical The spread of the source area of the 1944 Tonankai earthquake was rather short and stopped before the Tokai earthquake fault segment. [43] Of the series of repeating megathrust earthquakes in the Nankai Trough that recur every 100 to 150 years, the Hoei earthquake is considered to be the most damaging, with its linkage of Tokai, Tonankai and the Nankai earthquakes, and fault ruptures extending from Suruga Bay to the westernmost end of Shikoku, about 600 km in length [An'naka et al., 2003]. [37] The results of the tsunami inundation simulation for the new Hoei earthquake model are shown in Animation S3 and in Figure 11 as a sequence of snapshots of the water surface of the Ryujin Lake after T = 14, 19, 24, 29, 34, and 39 min from the start of the earthquake, illustrating the way in which a tsunami with a large flux can inundate Ryujin Lake. YouTube, n.d. The modeled height is much larger than the maximum height of the tsunamis associated with the 1856 Ansei Nankai and 1946 Nankai earthquakes, which were less than 4 m at Yonouzu [Chida et al., 2003; Chida and Nakayama, 2006]. It can carry sea sand into the lake very effectively (Figure 12a). In Figure 4a (T = 1 min) the development of tsunami above the Hoei earthquake source segment (N1–4) is very striking, with an uplift of the sea surface of approximately 3 m over the Nankai Trough. Also, studies on interplate coupling along the Nankai Trough based on the GEONET data [e.g., Ichitani et al., 2010; Hashimoto et al., 2009; Nishimura et al., 1999; T. Hashimoto, http://www.jamstec.go.jp/esc/projects/fy2009/12-hashi.html] reveal an area where strong interplate coupling occurs along the Nankai Trough subduction zone. [2003] determined that the source rupture area of this event extends from Suruga Bay to the westernmost end of Shikoku, i.e., the whole extent of the source area of the 1856 Ansei Tokai and the Ansei Nankai earthquakes. Composition and Structure, Atmospheric The 1946 Nankai earthquake (昭和南海地震 Shōwa Nankai jishin) was a great earthquake in Nankaidō, Japan. Géolocalisation sur la carte : Japon. On the other hand, the radiation of the tsunami from the N5′ subfault is very weak in the direction parallel to the trench axis (i.e., southwest to northeast). [8] Recent developments of the Japanese GEONET nation‐wide GPS network illustrating the pattern of present ground deformation which is considered to be undergoing recovery process of post‐Nankai Trough earthquake. Background. Ryujin Lake is surrounded by hills 50 m to 100 m high on the east and south and there is a short beach hill of approximately 10 m on the southwest. [28] We then conducted a tsunami simulation for the earthquake using the revised source model of the Hoei earthquake (Figure 7b) to see the contribution of the N5′ subfault segment in increasing simulated tsunami height along the coast from Shikoku to Kyushu and in producing tsunami inundation of Ryujin Lake. Un article de Wikipédia, l'encyclopédie libre. Machine Learning Algorithms for Real-time Tsunami Inundation Forecasting: A Case Study in Nankai Region. The giant waves deluged cities and rural areas alike, sweeping away cars, homes, buildings, a train, and boats, leaving a path of death … Processes, Information [31] Our tsunami simulation for the new Hoei earthquake model produces a very tall tsunami, 5 to 8 m high at Yonouzu, located approximately 5 km away from Ryujin Lake in Kyushu where the height from the former Hoei earthquake model was less than 2 m (Figure 9). [9] Following these new findings and supporting instrumental data, we will reexamine the source model for the Hoei earthquake. [13] Figure 2 illustrates the calculated vertical ground deformation due to fault rupture of the N1 through N4 fault segments for the Hoei earthquake, derived following Mansinha and Smylie [1971]. The sea waves were as high as 25 m to hammer into the Pacific coasts of Kyushyu, Shikoku and Honshin. These greater earthquakes produce the largest tsunamis from western Shikoku to Kyushu. We will highlight the propagation of the tsunami from Shikoku to Kyushu in order to more clearly examine changes in the tsunami wavefield produced by introducing the new N5′ subfault segment. [22] If we assume that gentle ground upheaval has continued in the area around Ryujin Lake at a rate of roughly 2 mm/yr until now, the change in ground elevation is estimated to be 60 cm in the past 300 years since the Hoei earthquake in 1707. The earthquake, estimated at magnitude 8.4, was followed by a huge tsunami, but no estimates exist for the number of deaths. [11] We first conducted tsunami simulation for the Hoei earthquake using a source model of An'naka et al. Number of times cited according to CrossRef: Identifying storm surge deposits in the muddy intertidal zone of Ena Bay, Central Japan. Notes. Now at Tsunami Engineering Laboratory, Disaster Control Research Center, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan. Small Bodies, Solar Systems The onshore height of the tsunami, more than 8 m, is several times larger than the height of the initial tsunami above the source area. Its total length is approximately 800 km. The MW 9.0 Tohoku Earthquake, Japan, March 11, 2011. Figure 7 illustrates one such result obtained by Hashimoto et al. Objects, Solid Surface The 1498 Nankai earthquake (明応地震 Meiō Jishin) occurred off the coast of Nankaidō, Japan, at about 08:00 local time on 20 September 1498. Subfault segments N1 to N4 of the source model of the Hoei earthquake are divided into small pieces 1 km by 1 km in size. Structural control on the nucleation of megathrust earthquakes in the Nankai subduction zone. Geology and Geophysics, Physical [3] Figure 1 illustrates the Nankai Trough earthquake occurrence pattern for three recent events, the 1944 Tonankai (M7.9) and 1946 Nankai (M8.0) earthquakes, the 1854 Ansei Nankai (M8.4) and Ansei Tokai (M8.4) earthquakes, and the 1707 Hoei earthquake (M8.4). (a) Speed of water flow at the entrance of the lake (plus indicates inflow, and minus indicates outflow), (b) water height at Ryujin Lake, and (c) shield numbers showing the power of tsunami transportation. Nankaido, Japan A magnitude 8.4 earthquake caused sea waves as high as 25 m to hammer into the Pacific coasts of Kyushyu, Shikoku and Honshin. From historical records, tsunami heights of 9 m at Tosa Shimizu and Ashizuri Cape and more than 4 m along the coast from Ashizuri Cape to Hyuga‐nada are known to have occurred (shown as circles in Figure 5 [Murakami et al., 1996]). Natural hazard information and migration across cities: evidence from the anticipated Nankai Trough earthquake. These studies endeavor to clarify the tsunami history of the historical and prehistorical Nankai Trough earthquakes [e.g., Tsukuda et al., 1999; Okamura et al., 1997, 2000, 2003, 2004; Tsuji et al., 1998, 2002; Nanayama and Shigeno, 2004; Komatsubara and Fujiwara, 2007; Matsuoka and Okamura, 2009]. to fix the damage it cost over $25 million or more dollars, 59,000-77,000. houses were destroyed. Japan has had two earthquakes with staggering death tolls of more than 100,000 people. [2003]. Tokaido - Nankaido Tsunami and Earthquake Citations: What was the damage? Similar discussion on the possible extension of the Hoei earthquake source area was also discussed by Harada and Ishibashi [2006] based on tsunami simulation. Difference between Tidal Wave and Tsunami (CSS-2018) [38] At 29 min from the time the earthquake started and about 10 min after the beginning of the lake inundation, flow into the lake almost stops (Figure 11d; T = 29 min). [35] The tsunami inundation simulation covers a 200 m by 300 m area around Ryujin Lake. [39] Figure 12 shows changes of the water height in Ryujin Lake and the flow speed of water in the entrance of the lake connecting to the channel. Sagiya and Thatcher [1999] also obtained similar source rupture pattern using the geodetic data. The source rupture area of the new Hoei earthquake source model extends further, to the Hyuga‐nada, more than 70 km beyond the currently accepted location at the westernmost end of Shikoku. 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